
Just finished reading this one; it's an outstanding book written for a lay audience about philosophical theories of justice. Michael Sandel is a master of peppering his text with well-chosen examples from real life. For instance, in discussing the morality of cost-benefit analysis, Sandel brings up the well-known case of a Ford internal memo estimating the value of a human life at just over $200,000, which outraged the public. But he also brings up a lesser-known case involving a 1974 US traffic law mandating a 55 mile per hour speed limit in response to the oil crisis. A side effect of this law was to reduce traffic fatalities; when it was repealed in the 1980s, most states raised their limit to around 65 miles per hour, resulting in an increase in traffic fatalities. Running the numbers, two economists concluded that by driving ten miles an hour faster, Americans were valuing human lives at around $1.54 million per life.
Ultimately, Sandel concludes with a brief, beginner-friendly version of his communitarian critique of liberalism (the view that the just society must be neutral with respect to competing visions of morality and the good life). To arrive at a just society, we must ultimately take stands on substantive questions about what the good life consists in, what virtues and achievements should be honored, etc. Justice can't just be about giving people the freedom to do what they want, within certain restrictions. It must also be about figuring out, through participation in civic life and democratic debate, is worth wanting. I'm not 100% persuaded by Sandel's arguments here, but I do find his text immensely readable and enjoyable nonetheless.