Rivercurse wrote...
adam_grif wrote...
The Earth is ~6 billion years old, and modern humans have been around for hundreds of thousands of years.
Is this true? Wow human progress over the last 500 years has been ludicrously fast in comparison to the previous hundred thousand years then.. Why is that?
Most of human existence was spent as stone age hunter-gatherers, where most of our free time was spent collecting or preparing food. The two most important changes that let us break away from this lifestyle was the domestication of crops (i.e. agriculture) and the development of written language. The former allowed people to have much more free time than they otherwise would because a few people could produce the food that many people would eat, freeing the others up to do other things. The develpoment of writing allowed knowledge to be accurately recorded across generational timescales, whereas before this the only long term storage was oral tradition, where stories were (often unreliably) passed from one person to another. Much in the manner of chinese whispers, this is not a good way to store information long term. With writing on long term storage (Stone tablets, papyrus, paper etc) allows each generation to learn what the last one knew, and then build on that. This is what Isaac Newton was referring to when he said that he was "standing on the shoulders of giants" - he would not have discovered what he did if there had not been hundreds of generations of people preceding him, slowly building up the knowledge that he would then expand during his life.
Cultures that never developed these two things never progressed technologically. The Australian Aborigines were still stone-age hunter gatherers without writing or agriculture when Europeans arrived a few hundred years ago. Their only notable technology was learned through trial and error, the Boomerang, which had interesting aerodynamic properties that they did not really understand. Other isolated cultures, in the pacific, Africa and South America, are also on a similar technological level - i.e. very little or no technology at all.
Even with those two things though, societies will plataeu at a certain level of technology until specific discoveries are made. Examples include the mathematical concept of "0". which prevented the Roman mathematicans from discovering the kinds of advanced mathematics that the Arabs would later develop during the Medieval era.