Waka,
Sylvius is right. I wouldn't acknowledge that the same character can respond the same way to a different statement. I would say that it is a neccesary condition for a statement to be different for (the same person) for the response to be different.
The statement would either have to be different (the response) or the character would have to be different.
Sylvius,
I'm respond line-by-line to expand on my reasoning, but it all leads up to one conclusion (at the second to last quote) so worry only about replying to that. Everything else is exposition for the sake of greater clarity. My post would read the same if I only responded to that one point, but I want to take the time to address the points you raised specifically.
Sylvius the Mad wrote...
You're telling me that if I don't hold Opinion A, I must therefore hold the contrary Opinion B. If there were an excluded middle, that would be true.
No - I am saying it
must be the case that there are only two positions: A or B. I start from the excluded middle. So it seems we have to take a step back and discuss that.
But there isn't. I hold neither position. My entire playstyle relies upon me holding neither position. And since neither position satisfies my standard of evidence, it would be unreasonable of me to hold either position.
You haven't outlined a standard of evidence to justify that. In fact, you've outlined a standard of evidence that requires you to assume it.
The rational default position is uncertainty. I cannot reasonably hold either opinion without conclusive evidence, and my standard of evidence virtually guarantees I can't have that.
Not at all - that's the most irrational standard of evidence, because it requires behavioural paralysis. To act, you need to act
as if. Which is to say, you have to take something as true. If you give to much credence to the skeptical position, you undermine everything by neccesity, including your own standard of evidence. I know this is a controversial claim, so wait for that second to last post.
Yes you can. Because set theory requires an excluded middle. Stop assuming an excluded middle.
As I said:
pressuposing there is some middle neccesarily requires paralysis.
You're correct that the question of whether the states are identical is binary. But the question of whether I believe the states are identical is not.
And that's the question that matters.
But your belief that the states are not binary contradicts (for example) your taking a particular set of affairs as true. You obviously behave as if some particular physical state of affairs is true; but your standard of evidence requires that you not believe this (it requires, to be specific, that you take a position of uncertainity).
But this introduces the problem of Buridan's ass.
If I flip a coin, did it come up heads or tails? Assuming that it doesn't do something strange like land on edge, that's a binary question. The coin came up either heads or tails.
Now, having not seen the coin, do you believe the coin came up heads, or do you believe the coin came up tails? By your reasoning, you need to hold one of those opinions.
Let me make it easier. It's not a fair coin. 2 flips out of 3, it comes up heads. Now, having not seen the coin, do you believe it came up heads, or do you believe it came up tails?
I insist that it would be unreasonable of you to believe either thing. You have to accept that the coin could have come up heads, and that it could have come up tails.
This is a good analogy, but you're misconstruing the problem. I agree with you as the question is set up, that without further evidence (or a pressing reason) skepticism is the best position. But what I would say is that there are very
good reasons to adopt a standard of belief about the typical behaviour of coins.
Your behaviour is contignent. Because you take it to be a virtue that you are consistent (which is to say, you would never act in way or hold beliefs that are logically
inconsistent) your behaviour and beliefs are contingent.
So what I am saying is this: the coin being heads (or tails) is neccesary for your to do some thing or other.
You may want to say that you wish to withdraw judgement. And you can. But then you can't act
. Because you're acting requires the neccesary condition, which for you is unknowable.
As I said before (in other discussions) you look at your beliefs in isolation. You and I have no disagreement over particulars; you are a very intelligent person, and your capacity to reason is generally beyond reproach. But you draw lines in the sand, and focus on particular issues as opposed to the interaction of issues.
So any one belief you have is consistent; but the set of beliefs you hold is insufficient.
That could only occur if I lacked knowledge of my position. The truth of the state of the world has nothing at all to do with the consistency of my opinions.
You do lack knowledge of your position; by your standard of evidence, you cannot know the truth of any proposition. At best, you can declare certain things to be axiomatically true. But that's unjustified belief. To make it justified belief, you need more than
just (for example) wanting it to be true.
No. He could be unaware of the brain in a vat problem.
It doesn't matter. He would still be subject to it.
I don't follow. How does a state of uncertainty contradict anything?
Yes. That doesn't change that I don't know that it's true. I act as if the state I perceive is true, but I remain aware that I don't know whether it is.
And here is the problem.
Are you familiar with Buridan's ass? Essentially, the notion is that if one person is
indifferent between outcomes, there needs to be some factor beyond the logical calculus that serves as the impentus for the decision.
If you take a position of uncertanity, what you are saying (from the standpoint of neccesary logical truth) is that all positions are equally likely to be true and (in principle, for you) unknowable.
Yet you nevertheless need to decide between them. So you need some principle by which to make that decision.
What I am saying is that this principle is in itself a belief. This belief, by your standard, needs to be a justified true belief. But you have a problem: you have no way of justifying the belief. Which is to say that your existential paralysis in terms of which outcome to favour manifests itself at a meta-level, giving you no means by which to choose a meta-level rule to justify your outcome choosing. You become trapped in a skeptical regression.
My answer to this is that you need to exclude the middle and come up with some extra-logical principle as an addendum that allows you to decide between states. Without getting muddled in
too much philosophy, it is this sort of principle that requires you to believe the world is stable.
We don't know that. Even if we never perceive the changes across playthroughs (and I still think that we do, as we see them behave exactly the same way in response to different stimulus), that doesn't mean they're not there.
As Bertrand Russells said, you cannot demonstrate that there is no rhinoceros in the room.
And if we started tabula rasa, Russells would be right. But there are good reasons to adopt metaphysical primitives that, as we examine their neccesary conclusions, entail that there are no rhinos in the room.