Thanks.
About the process ... there's a lot of variation depending on the situation and the publisher. For just sending in a manuscript, you look through the guidelines of a magazine or novel publisher, find one that you think your story fits (and one that has a word count range your story fits into), and send it off. And then wait for it to be rejected, because there's a 99.9999999% chance it will. Be prepared for this to keep happening for years. And years. And years. In fact, one of the reasons I gave up completely several times was because of this, and because of frustration with the contradictions in the guidelines and the excuses they used for rejecting my manuscripts. One thing I saw a lot of in magazine guidelines twenty years ago was, in one paragraph it would say, "Show us something new. Surprise us with a story we've never seen before." And a paragraph or two later, for the same magazine, the guidelines would advise you to "Read our magazine. Study the stories we're currently publishing and send us those kinds of stories."
There are still some magazine and book publishers who will not accept online submissions. I stopped sending manuscripts to them a long time ago because, for too many years, I wasted a lot of money on paper, printer ink, and postage just to have the manuscript rejected. After getting fed up with that, I started submitting only to publishers who accept online submissions.
My novel that actually got accepted by a publisher started off as a short story. From what readers told me, it was damned good. So I sent it to a few publishers. It was rejected every time. The last time, the editor told me the story was excellent and "deserves to be published" (his exact words) ... and he told me that in a rejection letter. Why was it rejected? There was one or two sentences that had a throw-away reference to the protagonist being bisexual. She was looking through her contact list, trying to decide who to invite out to dinner. Both of the people she considered were high-school acquaintances, one male and one female. So that was mentioned in one sentence. In the following sentence, she thought about dating both of them at once (with their knowledge and consent, assuming they both wanted to go along with it). That was the only mention of it. Right after that, the main plot kicked in and she had to deal with it instead of asking them out. Based on that alone, the editor told me that he'd accept the story if I "remove all the lesbianism." I told him that he had no business running a science fiction publication if that was the bit that triggered his rejection, and then I told him to go suck an exhaust pipe. I then proceeded to expand the story into a full novel and add a subplot with this character getting into a relationship with those two others, and then all three falling in love, because f*** that guy.
Another time, the last time I submitted my first novel to a publisher, the excuses for rejecting it ranged from, "The dialogue sounds like parodies of real people" followed by the somewhat contradictory "your characters don't talk like real people at all" (after numerous readers told me that the dialogue I write seems like the way people talk in real life). That's the point where I realized I had no chance at all and stuck the book and its sequel on Kindle Direct. I've made less than $100 in sales in the years since, but that's still more than I made in sales in the previous twenty years, which was zero.
To be brutally honest -- and this is my personal experience only, so things might turn out differently for someone else -- the only way to get your foot in the door is to have connections with someone who's either already in or who works for or has some pull with the publisher. Even though I'd been having tons of readers tell me the stuff I wrote was good enough to be published, the editors I submitted stories and novels to never even gave the manuscripts a first glance, let alone a second. There were times when I'd send something in, and even though the guidelines said their response time was a month or more, my manuscript would be rejected in one week or less. I'm absolutely certain that I would never have gotten that novel accepted two years ago if I hadn't made a connection or two in the previous few years.
Here's how it happened. I'd been posting rough drafts of my first couple of novels on FanStory.com, and one of the other authors started reading and commenting on every chapter I posted. I also put up the rough draft of my third novel, Chaser, and she commented on every chapter, as well as everything else I posted. A few times I expressed my frustration with never getting my foot in the door despite all the positive comments and high ratings (almost everything I've posted there gets either a five-star or a five-plus star rating). She suggested I send a manuscript to her publisher, so I gave Chaser one more rewrite and sent it in. She never mentioned doing this, but I'm fairly sure she put in a good word or two with her publisher. A few months passed by, I finally managed to move out of the town I hated with every fiber of my being and relocate to Tucson, and a few days later I got an acceptance letter from the publisher in my email. The contract was drawn up a few days later, I did another polish on the book, signed the contract, and made it all official. It's been two years and they only recently got started on the cover illustration, but still, it was my first official acceptance, so that's something I can put on my resume.
I was given access to the publisher's members-only Facebook page. After getting acquainted with other authors who've been publishing books through that ebook publisher, and posting things now and then (such as blog entries, character profiles, a link to the breakdown of action scenes in one of my fanfics, new cover images for my first two novels, and whatnot), a few of the other authors decided to invite me to submit a story for a paranormal/sci-fi romance anthology they were putting together under their own imprint. And that's the one I've been talking about ... I wrote it, they absolutely loved it, and the rest is history.
But it wouldn't have happened if some of them hadn't noticed my posts on that Facebook page, and those wouldn't have happened if another author hadn't helped me get my foot in the publisher's door.
Now, there's a small chance that someone might notice my story in this anthology, take a look at my other work, and decide it might be worth actually publishing. But I'd be very, very surprised if things worked out that way.
I suppose other options might include writing a crappy, beat-your-meat erotic Twilight fanfic, have someone notice it despite how poorly written it is, and give you a book contract if you change the setting and characters' names, so you end up with Fifty Shades of Grey. I can't get my brain around how this actually happened, but it makes me furious, to be honest. Write garbage, and it gets published and becomes a best seller and gets adapted into a movie.
As for Twilight itself, the writer having some sort of connections is the only way I can explain how that piece of crap ever got published. And again, it pisses me off. After spending half of my life making an effort to tell good stories without relying on sex scene after sex scene ([Edit] Oops, got that confused with the average Laurel K. Hamilton book ... that sort of stuff just kind of blurs together for me), and getting nowhere with it ... seeing this kind of stuff succeed makes my blood boil.
And then there's something like Eragon, which, if I remember correctly, was a badly-written book that became successful after the author's parents self-published it. I shouldn't even have to explain how that makes me feel.
But anyway. This probably paints a bleak picture. As I said above, it's just my personal experience. Someone else might send a manuscript in and have it accepted right away, or after only a few rejections. I had one editor tell me not to give up because it took him two years to finally sell a story. At that point, I'd been failing completely for over fifteen years. And it'd be almost another decade before I finally had that first big break.
As for some of the minutia ... some of the details get a little confusing. For instance, some publishers will accept a range of different file formats. Some will only accept RTF. Others will insist on DOC or DOCX. Which is a problem for me because, if I use anything other than RTF, the text formatting gets all screwed up. I was trying to use DOC for a long time, but when I'd copy a chapter and paste it into the editor at a site like FanStory or FF.net, a paragraph that had a sentence (or even a single word) in italics would suddenly appear in all italics, or sometimes all the spaces between every word would disappear and I'd have to manually re-insert them. That stopped happening once I switched back to RTF.
So anyway, (from my perspective) it looks like the best shot at getting something officially published is to post rough drafts on sites like FanStory, where you can get critiques and maybe a published author likes your work enough to put in a good word if you send any of it to their publisher. And also to post free stuff wherever you can, to get more samples of your writing in front of readers. I even used my fanfics for this, by posting them on any site I found that accepts fanfic -- FanStory, Wattpad, WriteOn, Textnovel, DeviantArt being a few examples. I've even been posting my Transformers Prime stories on the TFW fanfiction section, and the current one has actually been doing quite well despite the forum's general hostility toward the Jack/Arcee pairing. In the few weeks since I posted the latest chapter, it's gotten nearly one hundred views.
Having a website and a blog with links to all the stuff you're working on also helps quite a lot. Twitter's also given my stuff a considerable boost. Talent alone probably won't get you in the door. Build up an audience and hope that the right person notices your work.
Heh. That went on longer than I planned, but I hope there was some helpful information somewhere in there. 
As for Firefly, yeah, I can definitely see the Old West stuff being done to save money. I just feel like they laid it on way too thick. I can let most of it slide, but it's the turbo-redneck way the characters speak that really gets on my nerves. The characters are the single most compelling thing about the show, for me. And that's probably the only reason I can stand to keep watching the show when so much of the rest of it grates on my nerves. I like the characters and their interactions so much, I just kind of shrug off everything else that happens in the show. I'd be okay with watching a show that was nothing but the crew having conversations and walking into totally random situations just so they could make smartass observations about what's going on around them.
I think a slow build-up can work at times. If the first season is mostly stand-alone episodes and it takes a while for an overall story to take shape, I'm okay with that, though I wouldn't be able to stick with it if I didn't care about the characters.
Yeah, Farscape was awesome.
I'm still pissed off at the Sci-Fi Channel for promising two more seasons of it and then cancelling it abruptly. That channel just isn't what it used to be. But at least the crew did a really good job of wrapping the story up with the miniseries.
My personal favorite for the last 20+ years is Babylon 5. Despite the shaky start in the first season, once the overall five-year story started to emerge, it really turned into something special. The story holds together really well despite things going wrong along the way -- actors leaving and whatnot. I'd love to see the show get an HD remastering and updated CGI like the original Star Trek got a few years ago ....
[Edit] Well, I just wrote up a big post about all this and put it up on my Facebook page. I have friends I've known for at least a decade who had no idea I was a writer all along. This oughta be interesting .... 