ResidentNoob wrote...
There would be a number of problems with trying to reconstruct their species:
1. Given the limited population that they had, even if more were saved, after so much time they would wind up having to breed with their family members, which firstly, would weaken their species as a whole, and secondly, might be some kind of 'unbreakable even before death' taboo to the Protheans, or if they have to breed with their family members (and it isn't an unbreakable taboo), then their species' numbers would still diminish, just at a slower rate.
2. There's no guarantee that they would have a viable number of boys and girls to carry on the next generation; they could all turn out to be one gender, therefore royally screwing their species over, or they could just wind up having no children at all somehow.
There's probably a lot of other reasons, but I just can't think of any more right now.
You are assuming they are like humans in genetic variation, viability, and structure. More, you are assuming they are like humans in reproductive necessities. While for science fiction purposes, many aliens are made ridiculously humanoid, real life beyond Sol is probably unrecognizable to us if we look for life based on Earth's biological history. Allowing for evolution to a sentient species, it is entirely possible that we would not recognize a species at or exceeding human intelligence as sentient. Research shows we may be living with several species alarmingly close to our level of intelligence (primarily Bonobos and Dolphins) and we are only now beginning to recognize this. As for sentience, ignoring intellectual intelligence or even translational linguistic capabilities, there are many more here on Earth including the lowly Cuttlefish (they are capable of basic logical tasks and self-recognition ... and perhaps more). Elephants mirror our emotional complexity though not our cognitive skill and are also capable of self-recognition.
The point of all this is that, even on Earth the rules you ascribe to viable Prothean survival do not apply to all life forms. Adjusting for the complexity of evolutionary systems and the many possibilities for basic units of life beyond our solar system (even just accounting for those that we have already determined to be theoretically possible), Prothean biology has a lot of wiggle room. Science *fiction* can allow us to bring aliens either impossibly close to human life-forms or far beyond the current conception of possible definitions of life. As Bioware has not revealed (and maybe hasn't even decided) this information, assuming Human-like conditions for species survival is a little naive.