196 réponses à ce sujet

[TheProtheans]

David7204 wrote...

There are probably at least a dozen asari colonies you can visit in ME 3 with a population of a couple of billion each. Even if they were only 25% asari, it would be a population well over 10 billion and likely far, far higher.

Don't tell me probably, give me links and facts.

Liara tells you in ME3 that there are only somewhere around 5-7 billion asari in the entire galaxy. 

And the rest of these numbers are way off base. 

If Liara said that then she is wrong because in game the number adds up to about 9 -10 billion or so on Asari worlds.

Modifié par TheProtheans, 26 octobre 2013 - 03:43 .

[Erez Kristal]

TheProtheans wrote...

The numbers are way over the f**king top.
There is **** all turians, salarians and Asari, I reckon 30 - 40 billion max for each.
I don't know where the 20 billion for most of them are though as ingame they don't add up anywhere near that when counting the planets.
I imagine there is even less volus and Elcor, perhaps under 10 billion.

again another example of building a misguided opinion based on your exprience.
People in south america think israel is a state of 50 million because there are so many israelis who travel south america. 
when there are no more than eight million people living in israel.

In mass effect you think the human ratio in comparison to other races is rather similiar because you often visit human colonies.
but you only get to scan hundreds of planets out of billions discovered ones. you cannot grasp the population of mass effect from the the planents you scanned in game.

if you think the  dominant races in the galaxy only sum up to 30-40 billion people you should make your case for it.
because we have four obvious facts in game.

1) council races are very dominant in the galaxy
2) galaxy have trillions of people.(minimum of 2.) 
3) the council races stood up to the krogan horde(hundreds of billions of krogans, maybe more than a trillion))
4) the galaxy know of1-20 billion of planets
5) you visit only hundreds of planets out of 1-20 billions

TheProtheans wrote...
There should be a dreadnought for every 100 - 500 million people.

Why?

If there is no threat. why should a state invest a lot of money in building a dreadnought. what does it have to gain? the council control the dreadnought numbers. the terminus systems are in constant conflict. it is better to save the money for dark days.
sadia arabia a country under constant war threat from iran. spend a 8.9 of its GDP supporting its army while Canada with its superior GDP spends only 1.3% of its GDP to support its army.

The system alliance spend a great deal of its GDP on building ships while the other races prefer to increase their quality of living.

Modifié par erezike, 26 octobre 2013 - 03:48 .

[AlanC9]

TheProtheans wrote...

I don't know where the 20 billion for most of them are though as ingame they don't add up anywhere near that when counting the planets.

The map doesn't show every populated planet. Quite a few named colonies never appear in the game.

[TheProtheans]

erezike wrote...


 again another example of building a misguided opinion based on your exprience.

No I was always interested in populations living on planets and very rarely do we see non homeworlds with billions of people living on them.
The number of asari worlds combined populations ingame are 18 times less than the number you listed.
For someone to say their is over 100 billion other Asari on other worlds is unrealistic especially given the small number of fleets they have.

In mass effect you think the human ratio in comparison to other races is rather similiar because you often visit human colonies.
but you only get to scan hundreds of planets out of billions discovered ones. you cannot grasp the population of mass effect from the the planents you scanned in game.

I think it is similar because the human homeworld has a ridiculous population compared to their counter parts and there is not that many worlds with a high human population as humans are new.

if you think the  dominant races in the galaxy only sum up to 30-40 billion people you should make your case for it.
because we have four obvious facts in game.

1) council races are very dominant in the galaxy
2) galaxy have trillions of people.(minimum of 2.) 
3) the council races stood up to the krogan horde(hundreds of billions of krogans, maybe more than a trillion))
4) the galaxy know of1-20 billion of planets
5) you visit only hundreds of planets out of 1-20 billions

1) Yes but no one else seems that large either.
2) could be a figure of speech, there is no census, javik said something about 100 trillion in his cycle
3) I don't believe the krogan were given a population for that time
4)Yup
5) Only 1 -3 % of the galaxy was explored

Why?

If there is no threat. why should a state invest a lot of money in building a dreadnought. what does it have to gain? the council control the dreadnought numbers. the terminus systems are in constant conflict. it is better to save the money for dark days.
sadia arabia a country under constant war threat from iran. spend a 8.9 of its GDP supporting its army while Canada with its superior GDP spends only 1.3% of its GDP to support its army.

The system alliance spend a great deal of its GDP on building ships while the other races prefer to increase their quality of living.

The geth are a threat and everyone fears them.
The terminus systems are a threat and the council races fear a war with them which they shown throughout Mass effect 1.

Saudia Arabia has the backing of the US, they don't exactly need to overspend on military so it is a null point.
Canada has no threat  mainly for the same reason, no one is going attack Canada because it is a western country and right beside the US who is it's ally.
The turians are a heavily military race who have been around a lot longer than the humans, no race is more military focused than them.

Modifié par TheProtheans, 26 octobre 2013 - 04:10 .

[Erez Kristal]

TheProtheans wrote...


The number of asari worlds combined populations ingame are 18 times less than the number you listed.
For someone to say their is over 100 billion other Asari on other worlds is unrealistic especially given the small number of fleets they have.

2) could be a figure of speech, there is no census, javik said something about 100 trillion in his cycle
3) I don't believe the krogan were given a population for that time
5) Only 1 -3 % of the galaxy was explored

   we explored less than  0.0001% of the known planets in the galaxy during our time playing the mass effect universe. just because we saw only 10 billions asari doesn mean there arent more out there.

the numbers of dreadnoughts they have. have nothing to do with their numbers. if there is no threat. they have no reason to have more than 21  expensive dreadnoughts. there are many rich countries today who spend very little on their armies.


2)  Figure of speech only very little ground considering the salarianb games sales man also mention 12 billion people playing the crosshair.  we have to take that number for what it is and work our way with it.
3) The krogans are known to populate exrtremely fast. if a human couple can bring ten babies in twenty years. the krogans can breed hundred of babies during that time. they can live in very rough places and they are very agressive in their colonaztion. they had four hundred years to settle new worlds. their population amounted to hundred of billions at the very least. up to more than a trillion.

1% of the galaxy is 1-20 billion planets.
- the human population on earth is big because it takes time to move the population to other planets. considering that 10% of human population is living offworld in 37 years of advanced colonazation that is very impressive achievement.



8.9 of the gdp is a very high expense. 1.3 is very low. the asari and salarian rely on their small commandos and stg to get rid of the problem for 1.3%  of their gdp. they dont need the dreadnoughts.

i assume the geth attack on the citadel increased their war efforts. but even that take time especially with the asari slow to react doctorine and the salarian use frigates and not dreadnoughts doctorine. 

the terminus is a threat only if the council push for war. if they can avoid war there is no reason to increase their military expenses.

the system alliance arrival also reduce the value of dreadnought with their distruptor torpedos and stealth ships.

the salarian quick to adapt as they are, have no reason to build more dreandoughts.

Modifié par erezike, 26 octobre 2013 - 04:32 .

[Wulfram]

Humanity having the highest GDP per capita seems unlikely to me. Earth is characterised as still possessing significant amounts of poverty compared to other planets. It's got tremendous GDP growth and some very wealthy corporations expanding out into the galaxy, but I don't believe it has exceeded Asari wealth yet.

The Asari probably spend an extremely low percentage of their GDP on the military, though.

Modifié par Wulfram, 26 octobre 2013 - 04:27 .

[Erez Kristal]

Wulfram wrote...

Humanity having the highest GDP per capita seems unlikely to me. Earth is characterised as still possessing significant amounts of poverty compared to other planets. It's got tremendous GDP growth and some very wealthy corporations expanding out into the galaxy, but I don't believe it has exceeded Asari wealth yet.

The Asari probably spend an extremely low percentage of their GDP on the military, though.

GDP doesnt accouant for the quality of living. yes humanity still have poor areas. but it could still have very high gdp.
Humanity have greater differences in quality of living among its citzens than your would find in the salarian union or with the asari or even the turians. humanity also spend a great deal of its gdp on building ships and less on improving the quality of living
For example. humanity military expenses would easily amount to 15% of its GDP with the asari military expenses only amounting to 1.0%
the turians expenses would most likely amount to 6.2%

there are very rich people living on earth and some very poor ones. this work well since the poor are more quick to join to the military and to colonize distant planets.

Humanity strong GDP is due to the reasons i mentioned above. Trade treaties, A wave of tourism(mostly asari) MediGel, Ashland push for control. plenty of newly discovered resources and automanation in production as can be seen with the human produced mechs in mass effect 2. 
Other races have to worry more about unemployment levels due to their stagnation. humanity is a vastly growing economy with a lot of investment coming from the volus, asari and salarian. this is why the gdp of humanity is very high.

Ps - The gdp of humanity has to be high in order to explain their strength in the mass effect universe.

[Erez Kristal]

I updated likely military expenditure.
the systems alliance with its blooming economy under war time can maintain a solid 15% of its gdp
the turian use the same GDP israel use (6.2%)
volus-switzerland (0.7)
asari france (2.3)
salarian - UK (2.5)


The alliance can use its expenditure better due to its lower upkeep( mobile garrisons and fewer ships to maintain.)
large amounts of the turians expenditure are spent on soldiers training and paychecks.

[TheProtheans]

erezike wrote...
  we explored less than  0.0001% of the known planets in the galaxy during our time playing the mass effect universe. just because we saw only 10 billions asari doesn mean there arent more out there.

Yeah I already say they may be another 20 billion.
But to say their is another 170 billion given that all the Asari worlds we know of and their very own homeworld have modest populations then there is no valid evidence suggesting that there are way over 100 billion more asari out there.

the numbers of dreadnoughts they have. have nothing to do with their numbers. if there is no threat. they have no reason to have more than 21  expensive dreadnoughts. there are many rich countries today who spend very little on their armies.

Normally because there is one big country who spends all their money on military and helps protect them.

2)  Figure of speech only very little ground considering the salarianb games sales man also mention 12 billion people playing the crosshair.  we have to take that number for what it is and work our way with it.

It was probably 12 million and you just heard it wrong. 

3) The krogans are known to populate exrtremely fast. if a human couple can bring ten babies in twenty years. the krogans can breed hundred of babies during that time. they can live in very rough places and they are very agressive in their colonaztion. they had four hundred years to settle new worlds. their population amounted to hundred of billions at the very least. up to more than a trillion.

I don't engage in a numbers game where we have next to zero knowledge of.

1% of the galaxy is 1-20 billion planets.
- the human population on earth is big because it takes time to move the population to other planets. considering that 10% of human population is living offworld in 37 years of advanced colonazation that is very impressive achievement.

Why would the human population get smaller?
There is no indication that the human population on earth is getting smaller and just because more people continue to leave does not mean that the population of Earth will never go above 12 billion again.

8.9 of the gdp is a very high expense. 1.3 is very low. the asari and salarian rely on their small commandos and stg to get rid of the problem for 1.3%  of their gdp. they dont need the dreadnoughts.

Where did you get these GDP figures from?
And how much do the Asari spend on dreadnought from 1.3%?

i assume the geth attack on the citadel increased their war efforts. but even that take time especially with the asari slow to react doctorine and the salarian use frigates and not dreadnoughts doctorine. 

the terminus is a threat only if the council push for war. if they can avoid war there is no reason to increase their military expenses.

the system alliance arrival also reduce the value of dreadnought with their distruptor torpedos and stealth ships.

the salarian quick to adapt as they are, have no reason to build more dreandoughts.

Does the United states have a reason to continue making defensive weaponry when there is no threat from an invasion force?
They don't need a reason but the geth and terminus systems are good enough reasons to keep increasing the size of the military.

Modifié par TheProtheans, 26 octobre 2013 - 06:17 .

[iOnlySignIn]

David7204 wrote...

So humans are twice as productive per capita as asari and salarians, huh?

Considering what most Asari do with most of their time, I'd say Humans are about 20 times as productive.

Not true about Salarians though.

[Erez Kristal]

my bad its galaxy of fantasy and its 11 billion...



visiting 0.0001 of all known stars mean there could be 1000000 times as many asari as you see in game.
i only mentioned 18 times as many...

[KaiserShep]

TheProtheans wrote...

2)  Figure of speech only very little ground considering the salarianb games sales man also mention 12 billion people playing the crosshair.  we have to take that number for what it is and work our way with it.

It was probably 12 million and you just heard it wrong.

The salarian games salesman says "I hear it has 11 billion players now."

Edit: Dang beaten to it lol

Modifié par KaiserShep, 26 octobre 2013 - 06:46 .

[TheProtheans]

erezike wrote...

my bad its galaxy of fantasy and its 11 billion...



visiting 0.0001 of all known stars mean there could be 1000000 times as many asari as you see in game.
i only mentioned 18 times as many...

If humans can have 8 dreadnoughts in less than half a century with only a population of 12 billion.
Why is the economic powerhouse of the galaxy only maintaining 21 with a popualtion of >180 billion.
And why is the military powerhouse that is almost solely focused on military maintaining 37 dreadnoughts with a similar population to the Asari.
How does a military race spend a small percentage of GDP on military?

[TheProtheans]

KaiserShep wrote...

TheProtheans wrote...

2)  Figure of speech only very little ground considering the salarianb games sales man also mention 12 billion people playing the crosshair.  we have to take that number for what it is and work our way with it.

It was probably 12 million and you just heard it wrong.

The salarian games salesman says "I hear it has 11 billion players now."

Edit: Dang beaten to it lol

I imagine all turians in the military are forced to play it or it is the only game they have acces to.

Modifié par TheProtheans, 26 octobre 2013 - 06:52 .

[Arcian]

erezike wrote...

I agree with david that inflation as no meaning in this argument.

Inflation has every meaning in this argument, unless you know the value of the credit in 2013. Then you are right that inflation has no meaning.

Even though currencies are devalued by inflation, they usually stay proportional to each other within a margin, provided they are managed correctly. In 1920, 1£ was worth just below 5$. Today, 1£ is worth 1.61$.

1$ in 1920 was worth 12.15$ in 2013.
1£ in 1920 was worth 37.83£ in 2013.

So even though they are much less valuable today, the similar rates of inflation have made them fairly equal in value.

Ergo, you can't balance the value of a future currency with the value of a currency today, unless you know what the future currency would be worth today. The only other option is to account for inflation in order to estimate what the future currency would be valued in comparison to the currency you are balancing it against, accounted for inflation.

So let's do just that.

If the dollar keeps up its historical yearly inflation rate of 3%, 1$ in 2183 will be worth 0.0065$ in 2013. That is 153$ in 2183 for every dollar in 2013.

If going by your estimated 1 credit in 2183 = 10$ in 2013, every credit has the same purchasing power as 1,530$ in 2183. A fish costs 7,650$ in 2183, and a 100,000 credit gun costs 153,000,000$ in 2183. In other words, the dollar compared to the credit is severely hyperinflated. This gives the Alliance a pitiful purchasing power parity, contrary to everything we see in the games.

The problem is not in the dollar, it is in the credit. You are greatly overestimating its value.

It would be way more realistic if 100 credits in 2183 = 1$ in 2013. That's 1.53$ in 2183 per credit in 2183. The credit is still a stronger currency, but not massively so. The absence of hyperinflation in market prices suggests that the market is regularly deflated to keep prices down, and perhaps that the credit is based on gold or some other rare commodity (maybe even eezo?) since I doubt they are insane enough to use a perpetually inflating fiat monetary system for 2000 consecutive years. That would render the credit completely worthless by 2183, which we know isn't the case.

erezike wrote...

The Free lance in omega are offered 500 credits for a suicide mission only if they survive. adminstor anoleis offers you 200 for a hefty sevice. 5000$ and 2000$ sounds right for both.

Omega is a slum, 765$ is more than enough for a single person, especially when most of them aren't expected to survive. And I wouldn't call the service to Anoleis "hefty". You rat out a hanar, and that's it. Most of the value was in the garage pass.

erezike wrote...

Rents, taxes, demand and import cost are. and it make perfect sense for a fish to cost 50$ on the citadel

the citadel is the most expensive place in the galaxy.

And yet it has poverty problems.

erezike wrote...

How was anderson able to pay for an apartment that zise from an advisor pay is what you should be wondering about.

Perhaps because the credit isn't as strong as you estimated, or that you are underestimating the wages of someone as high in rank as Anderson. Even today, Admirals make a crapton of cash, and serving as advisor to humanity's first Councilor? That's got to come with some green. 

[Arcian]

TheProtheans wrote...

erezike wrote...

my bad its galaxy of fantasy and its 11 billion...



visiting 0.0001 of all known stars mean there could be 1000000 times as many asari as you see in game.
i only mentioned 18 times as many...

If humans can have 8 dreadnoughts in less than half a century with only a population of 12 billion.
Why is the economic powerhouse of the galaxy only maintaining 21 with a popualtion of >180 billion.
And why is the military powerhouse that is almost solely focused on military maintaining 37 dreadnoughts with a similar population to the Asari.
How does a military race spend a small percentage of GDP on military?

Dreadnoughts aren't everything. And I'm pretty sure the Treaty of Farixen imposes limits on the turians as well - after all, if you let the Council die in ME1, news reports state that the turians have decided to ignore the treaty and step up their construction of new dreadnoughts.

TheProtheans wrote...

David7204 wrote...

There are probably at least a dozen asari colonies you can visit in ME 3 with a population of a couple of billion each. Even if they were only 25% asari, it would be a population well over 10 billion and likely far, far higher.

Don't tell me probably, give me links and facts.

If you are expecting David to ever back up his claims, prepare to be disappointed.

Modifié par Arcian, 26 octobre 2013 - 07:40 .

[Erez Kristal]

TheProtheans wrote...

erezike wrote...

my bad its galaxy of fantasy and its 11 billion...



visiting 0.0001 of all known stars mean there could be 1000000 times as many asari as you see in game.
i only mentioned 18 times as many...

If humans can have 8 dreadnoughts in less than half a century with only a population of 12 billion.
Why is the economic powerhouse of the galaxy only maintaining 21 with a popualtion of >180 billion.
And why is the military powerhouse that is almost solely focused on military maintaining 37 dreadnoughts with a similar population to the Asari.
How does a military race spend a small percentage of GDP on military?

your concept of dreadnought is shortsighted.  i will however update in the following the day a more detailed explantion of why each race only have the amount of dreadnought they do.

As for the human 8 dreadnought in 2185 and the asari 21 dreadnought in 2185. it is very simple.

If asari military expenditure is 2.3% of gdp (just like france) and you amount to 21.6 trillion compared to the human 15% (18.5) trillion credits.
the asari would have an extremely high upkeep cost for the 21 dreadnoughts, cruisers, garrisons, commandos salaries.. 
they would have less credits devoted to buying new war machines. 
The humans have mobile garrisons which mean they (i  will continue this post later. ran out of time.)

[Wulfram]

Arcian wrote...

Dreadnoughts aren't everything. And I'm pretty sure the Treaty of Farixen imposes limits on the turians as well - after all, if you let the Council die in ME1, news reports state that the turians have decided to ignore the treaty and step up their construction of new dreadnoughts.

I'm pretty sure the whole point of Farixen was to limit Turian Dreadnought production so that the Asari and Salarians could keep their military spending down.

Modifié par Wulfram, 26 octobre 2013 - 07:45 .

[BioWareM0d13]

The Asari are the most populous species. As noted by Barquiel, Anderson says it in one of the Mass Effect novels. It also makes sense, as they've been a space-faring civilization for longer than any of the other factions. They've had the most time to establish colonies, and some of them have been around for millennia.

All of the big three (Asari, Turians, Salarians) should have populations and economies that dwarf that of the Alliance. I'd guess that the Volus probably have a larger economy than the Alliance as well, though the Alliance probably devotes a higher percentage of GDP on its military. The Alliance also probably has a higher population as worlds suitable for colonization are more rare for the Volus. 

Modifié par Han Shot First, 26 octobre 2013 - 07:46 .

[AlexMBrennan]

OP, do you actually have any sources of any kind for those numbers or did you just make them up?

Plus, I'd be careful with using in-game prices as that assumes that someone at Bioware worked out the value of a credit rather than the writers just making up whatever numbers sound good at the time

[BioWareM0d13]

Yeah, prices or things in game are totally random.

An automatic fish feeder for your aquarium costs something like 10,000 credits for example, more than what you pay for buying weapons and armor or upgrades for a space ship.

[AlanC9]

AlexMBrennan wrote...

OP, do you actually have any sources of any kind for those numbers or did you just make them up?

Plus, I'd be careful with using in-game prices as that assumes that someone at Bioware worked out the value of a credit rather than the writers just making up whatever numbers sound good at the time

I think the point is to come up with a hypothetical set of numbers that fit the known facts of the MEU. 

[TheProtheans]

erezike wrote...

TheProtheans wrote...

erezike wrote...

my bad its galaxy of fantasy and its 11 billion...



visiting 0.0001 of all known stars mean there could be 1000000 times as many asari as you see in game.
i only mentioned 18 times as many...

If humans can have 8 dreadnoughts in less than half a century with only a population of 12 billion.
Why is the economic powerhouse of the galaxy only maintaining 21 with a popualtion of >180 billion.
And why is the military powerhouse that is almost solely focused on military maintaining 37 dreadnoughts with a similar population to the Asari.
How does a military race spend a small percentage of GDP on military?

your concept of dreadnought is shortsighted.  i will however update in the following the day a more detailed explantion of why each race only have the amount of dreadnought they do.

As for the human 8 dreadnought in 2185 and the asari 21 dreadnought in 2185. it is very simple.

If asari military expenditure is 2.3% of gdp (just like france) and you amount to 21.6 trillion compared to the human 15% (18.5) trillion credits.
the asari would have an extremely high upkeep cost for the 21 dreadnoughts, cruisers, garrisons, commandos salaries.. 
they would have less credits devoted to buying new war machines. 
The humans have mobile garrisons which mean they (i  will continue this post later. ran out of time.)

And why don't they have a higher made up GDP spending on military?
Don't answer that, it actually makes me die a little inside that all these numbers are made up and I am talking for no reason about made up numbers.
I came in here about the population been whack and they're whack.

[Erez Kristal]

TheProtheans wrote...


And why don't they have a higher made up GDP spending on military?
Don't answer that, it actually makes me die a little inside that all these numbers are made up and I am talking for no reason about made up numbers.
I came in here about the population been whack and they're whack.

yes these numbers are made up because i am trying to reach an established consensus here. that would fit the ingame lore.
in game lore;
1) galaxy has trillions of people living in it.
2) turians, asari and salarians are powerhouses in a galaxy of trillions.
3) turians, asari and salarians had 1500 years to develop peacefully after they already had dozens or hundreds of colonies each.
4) we visiting only 0.0001%-0.00001% of the known planets
5) galaxy of fantasy has 11 billion players
6) humans number 5 in the strengh lists: 1) turians, 2) geth, 3) asari, 4) salarian.
7) human economy is six in power. after the mediocre elcor. whose giant bodies are a disadvantage. 
8) humanity has about 12.5 billion living people.
9) turian economy is inefficent.(draft everyone from ages 15-30) 
10) the krogan rebellions involved hundreds of billions if not trillions of people.  if you think otherwise please state so.
we know for a fact the krogans had 400 years to breed. and we know for a fact krogan can live for more than a 1000 years but their ability to reproduce great outnumber the humans. 
a krogan growth of 10% in numbers every year after the rachni wars assuming they had 5 billion korgans survivors after the rachni war woud put their numbers over trillions in a very short time. 
in order to have some comparasion. the human population stood on 3 billion 53 years ago. and now its seven billions. krogans reproduce about 10 times as fast. if not more.

The turians, asari and salarians managed to hold the tide against the krogans who had similar technology and had superior infantry presence.


I do need to change the numbers of the asari since it has been stated in one of the books to be biggest of its kind

Modifié par erezike, 27 octobre 2013 - 09:54 .

[Fayfel]

Alien populations numbering in the trillions isn't unreasonable at all. 2500+ years ago the turians had fringe colonies developed to the point that they were capable of waging war with one another. If all the turians at the timed amounted to 7 billion ( a very very conservative estimate ) and they had a growth rate of 1% ( less than our own growth rate ), after 2500 years there would be 44.5 quintillion turians in the galaxy ( 44,500,000,000,000,000,000 )! More realistically the growth rate would fluctuate a good deal, being larger in small population environments and much lower or even negative on very high population worlds ( though these worlds would likely establish colonies of their own at that point ). Events such as the krogan rebellions likely had a significant impact on population as well ( multiple turian colonies were destroyed Bringing Down the Sky style likely resulting in the deaths of billions of innocents ).

One should note, however, that establishing facts in the MEU is pretty much impossible at this point. The writer who cared about this sort of thing left before ME2 was shipped and the current group has made it abundantly clear that they're either ignorant of or don't care about the previously established material.

If your interested you can find some related notes from the aforementioned writer. Look for the posts from Stormwaltz ( warning - some language here and there )

http://forums.penny-...omment_10519136
http://forums.f13.ne...?topic=21953.35