No, I'm proposing babysteps to ends that will actually happen. I'm not foolish or naive enough to believe there will ever be true econimic or political equality that works on such large scales. And the rest is racial equality both for the four current races plus any that introduce themselves in later dates. Perhaps I should have said tolerance instead? Or is that impossible and impractical to strive for as well? As for the litigious imbalance, how so? Those with more power need more restrictions on said powers? Isn't that what the system the Circle does though mine goes to a lesser extent?
But now it is my turn. How would you solve all these inequality problems?
I wouldn't.
Or rather, I wouldn't make a banner and campaign based around western liberalism in a setting with no foundation for western liberalism. Instead, building a philosophical foundation that is friendly to supporting later liberalism would be far more enduring. 'How to live a life' philosophies, such as Confucianism or Stoicism, in many respects lay the groundworks for later more sophisticated political ideologies. Starting a philosophy that can spread across the major factions would be better than chasing the idea of anachronistic enlightenment.
If I have to create something new rather than take something from real life (like Clnfucianism), I'd advocate an idea of a philosophy based on the premise of Legacy: what you will be remembered for leaving behind after you death. Flexible enough to reward and encourage ambition and endeavor (famous enough to be remembered), it would focus on later consequences and results of current actions, with approval for legacies that benefit and inspire future generations: philanthropists, nation-builders, philosophers, and so on. The emphasis on what future generations would remember you for would be a positive impetus for more visionary, or at least more kindly remembered, actions and policies by those alive.
This is a premise flexible enough to be adopted by pretty much everyone: Tevinter Magistrates with an Ego, xeno-nationalist Elves with an eye for reclaiming the glory of the dales as their legacy for future generations, devout or not-so devout Andrastians, mages looking to leave a history of progress of success rather than reckless ambition, etc. Different groups might take it in different ways (there's more than enough leeway for corruption), but spreading the idea of forward-thinking progress to the benefit of future generations, regardless of your personal group or class or race, can create a universalist foundation that could, one day in the far future, but the basis of western liberalism-like reforms and developments.
Of course, creating a philosophy is hard. But for a society with political stature of Thedas, it's a needed development for enduring cultural change.