Well, that is not entirely true. Being gay is the result of a lack of exposure to a hormone similar to testosterone during the development of the brain (in the womb).
That's cool. You know something that the American Psychiatric Association doesn't! (BTW, that organization represents the thousands of people working in the psychiatric profession.)
http://www.psychiatr...ual-orientation
What causes Homosexuality/Heterosexuality/Bisexuality?
No one knows what causes heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality. Homosexuality was once thought to be the result of troubled family dynamics or faulty psychological development. Those assumptions are now understood to have been based on misinformation and prejudice. Currently there is a renewed interest in searching for biological etiologies for homosexuality. However, to date there are no replicated scientific studies supporting any specific biological etiology for homosexuality. Similarly, no specific psychosocial or family dynamic cause for homosexuality has been identified, including histories of childhood sexual abuse. Sexual abuse does not appear to be more prevalent in children who grow up to identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual, than in children who identify as heterosexual.
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For a long time, people were looking for a homosexual "gene". This was a big focus of Simon LeVay at the National Institutes of Health. However, there may not be one. With separated twins, when one is gay, the other has a 50% chance of being gay. NOT 100%.
I do agree with you more recent theories focus on hormone exposure in the womb. But even there we have a problem, right? Because presumably twins are getting the same uterine hormone bath. Yet, again, see above.
This would seem to indicate there are both biological and post-birth environmental/developmental factors involved. Incidentally, this is true for a lot of human 'genetic' attributes, including IQ or intelligence. The theory that homosexuals are different psychologically from heterosexuals (beyond sexual orientation of course) does not seem to hold up.
http://psychology.uc...tal_health.html
Hooker administered three projective tests (the Rorschach, Thematic Apperception Test [TAT], and Make-A-Picture-Story [MAPS] Test) to 30 homosexual males and 30 heterosexual males recruited through community organizations. The two groups were matched for age, IQ, and education. None of the men were in therapy at the time of the study.
Unaware of each subject's sexual orientation, two independent Rorschach experts evaluated the men's overall adjustment using a 5-point scale. They classified two-thirds of the heterosexuals and two-thirds of the homosexuals in the three highest categories of adjustment. When asked to identify which Rorschach protocols were obtained from homosexuals, the experts could not distinguish respondents' sexual orientation at a level better than chance.
A third expert used the TAT and MAPS protocols to evaluate the psychological adjustment of the men. As with the Rorschach responses, the adjustment ratings of the homosexuals and heterosexuals did not differ significantly.
Hooker concluded from her data that homosexuality is not a clinical entity and that homosexuality is not inherently associated with psychopathology.
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And, of course, the biggest problem is the existence of bisexuality. If the brain has some binary on/off switch (say the amygdala or hypothalamus) for sexual orientation, why is it a large number of people experience attraction to both sexes?
Oh, and on your stuff about testosterone & aggression -- and from Nature magazine: one of the world's leading scientific journals:
http://www.nature.co...ssion_or_180520
THE FACTS: Behavioural research on testosterone is, if anything, inconsistent. Highly inconsistent. And a bit surprising too. Some studies found that high pre-natal exposure to testosterone leads to more generous game offers in men and women (a.k.a charity). Others have concluded that, when testosterone is artificially enhanced, men become less generous, more vengeful and antisocial. Yet others still have suggested that hypogonadal males (a.k.a low testosterone-producing males) who had their testosterone increased saw no jump in aggressive behaviour, and in fact became more friendly, energetic and, well, happy.
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No offense, but returning to the game, if you're saying something bizarre like you should know the gay characters because they're pacifists, well, sorry, NO.
A study has only limited validity until it's been replicated. Scientists are human beings with biases and sometimes their unconscious biases affect their research. Read Stephen Jay Gould's The Mismeasure of Man. "Dick Swaab's" goes into that category.
One more scientific point for you:
http://knowledgenuts...ity-is-natural/
Bonobos are an endangered ape species found only in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where they live in small, largely peaceful tribes. Along with chimps, they’re our closest living relatives; which is why the study of their mating habits opens a political minefield. Unlike chimps, bonobos are naturally bisexual—and happily engage in homosexual acts for enjoyment, to solve conflicts, and to get ahead in the tribe.
The Whole Bushel
One of the big arguments put forward against homosexuality is that it’s unnatural, a deviation of the human mind. A deviation, that is, that just happens to also affect our closest evolutionary cousins. Meet the endangered bonobo. Sometimes referred to as “the hippie ape,” bonobos live in female-oriented tribes usually characterized by a lack of aggression and conflict. Not to mention a whole lot of sex.
As in a whole lot: Bonobos use sex as a means of greeting, a way of resolving conflicts, a method for consoling victims in distress, and something to do just for the sheer pleasure of it. According to National Geographic, around 75 percent of bonobo sex is non-reproductive—and that includes an enormous amount of homosexual couplings. Nearly every bonobo is born bisexual, and the number of same-sex pairings in their societies is so great that females actually have a specific mating cry they only use when sleeping with other females. Their whole existence seems geared towards a lifetime of guilt-free love; a far cry from the aggressive, dominant sexual behavior of chimpanzees.
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And, yes, while there seems to be less aggression in bonobos, there's been some recent dispute about that, and before you seize on that for your Swaabian hypothesis, bear in mind this seems to have social as well as biological causes. (Like us, chimps also form societies and have social behaviors.)