BLESS THIS POST. You should totally post it in the dwarf thread.
Just sayin'.
I wonder, then, if the dwarves allying with Tevinter had anything to do with the final fall of Arlathan? I mean, we know now Arlathan mostly succumbed to itself, but the details are a bit fuzzy. Perhaps the dwarves were "punished" by taking away their magic? Err... these are just thoughts. No idea what I'm saying, really. But I do think it would be interesting if the Provings were a response to suddenly having no magic...
The more I think about it, the more I think the dwarves have always been different. I suspect that there's more to their relationship with lyrium, but that perhaps they were never mages in the proper sense. Without the Veil they would not have been disconnected from the Fade like they are now right? Unless the Stone protected them from it (maybe that's why there's such an ingrained aversion to the surface). They seem to be supernatural; they are very resistant to disease and sickness aside from the Blight and unable to wield magic.
Hm...it doesn't seem like their society suffered from violent change the way that Elvhenan did. Whether that's because dwarves didn't have the political problems that elves did, or because their relationship with magic was never quite as strong as the elves' and thus a change in that relationship was not as traumatic...we don't really have enough information to draw a definite conclusion about that, but their fall seems to be more tied to the blight than to whatever impacted the elves.
I do think they're different from what they are originally though. The alliance with Tevinter was probably a way to secure a foothold in the changing world, or access magic? (I forgot to put the date in there for when a Proving Ground is constructed in Minrathous: -1200 Ancient) It seems like Tevinter culture and Dwarven culture was pretty intertwined for two nations that no longer talk to one another.
Re: relationship to elves in general:
Their language seems different from elven too. We don't really get to see it in action, but I pulled this from World of Thedas: amgarrak (victory), amgeforn (sacrifice), amgetoll (duty), isana (lyrium), kallak (war), salroka (friend "one at my side"), wim and wam (whine and plead). Very un-elven sounding words.