Ferelden is supposed to be England. hence the war with orlais/france
Also Scotland is not Saxon. It's Celtic/Gaelic. England is Anglo-Saxon
Alba is Scotland
Actually, Scotland is partly Anglo-Saxon in the south of the country (Edinburgh lies in the northern part of what used to be the old Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria) and is heavily Norse-influenced along the northern and western fringes (Caithness / Sutherland, Orkney, Shetland, Hebrides).
The 'Celtic' or formerly 'Celtic' regions of Scotland were themselves divided between Gaelic, Pictish and Cumbric (closely related to Old Welsh) regions.
As such, high and late medieval Scotland was a mixed Germanic / Celtic society par excellence. That makes it more like Ferelden with its mix of Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian, Gaelic-Scottish and Welsh influences - based on personal and placenames - than England.
Moreover, the liberation struggle of Ferelden under Loghain and King Marric is far more reminiscent of William Wallace and Robert the Bruce's struggle against England under Edward I and II than any war France fought against England.
Not that there is any single influence here; there's a bit of Scotland here, Anglo-Saxon England there, perhaps a bit of medieval Germany in the corner, quite a bit of Iceland, etc.
Same with the other nations, the Romano-Byzantine influence behind Tevinter is pretty superficial. It's anybody's guess where the Free Marches are based on, but one thing is certain, they don't resemble the autonomous cities of Germany and the Low Countries one bit. There is a very loose resemblance with the high and late medieval city-states of northern Italy, in the sense that they are all ex-bits of a much larger empire, were conquered by 'barbarians' and are now ruled by a variety of governmental systems and quarrel a lot among themselves, but occasionally unite against outside threats. That's more Florence, Venice, Verona, Milan and Genoa than it is Lübeck, Hamburg, Bremen or Cologne.
That similarity, however, is also just merely superficial. The Free Marches actually seem to lack a character of their own and are basically just generic English-speaking (with various accents) fantasy city-states.