Only 17 of Richthofen's victories came in the Dr.I. Here's a breakdown:
Albatros D.III - 23 victories
Albatros D.II - 17 victories
Fokker Dr.I - 17 victories
Halberstadt D.II - 12 victories
Albatros D.V - 9 victories
Fokker F.I (prototype Dr.I) - 2 victories
The Dr.I...was not the best plane of the war. Although it offered exceptional maneuverability, there were a lot of engine problems associated with it, and the wing structure was highly unstable (in addition to being poorly constructed). It probably wasn't even the best German plane of the war; from a technical standpoint, that was probably the Fokker D.VII. The German fighter with the largest operational impact was either the Fokker E.I (which was a poorly made aircraft overall except for the revolutionary interrupter gear on the machine guns) or the Albatros D.III (which didn't have quite the same effect but was an overall better aircraft and the workhorse of the Luftstreitkräfte).
Yes. Except I would say all of E.I, E.II, and E.III when we're talking about the "Fokker scourge" and operational impact. Only 50 E.I were made. These were "Eindecker" monoplanes and the first dominant fighter of WW1.
The advantage in the air shifted back and forth between Germany and the allies, depending upon the fighter types, as they were developed. There were a great many types involved, but there came a strong dominance with the introduction of certain types. Albatross D.II and D.III followed the Eindecker with another period of German advantage. Then came the big crunch from the British, with their brilliant S.E.5a and the (in)famous, unstable Camel, which became the most successful fighter of WW1, but took considerable skill just to fly. Germany never recovered. At the end they did field the Focker D.VII, which is generally considered a brilliant aircraft. Britain did have something that was more than just an answer though, the Sopwith Snipe, a Camel on steroids.
The Fokker Dr.I was inspired by the Sopwith Triplane, an English experiment. The thing with the biplanes, was that the box-like wing construction allowed for a very light construction, with a lot of wing area, simultaneously with lots of load bearing strength for tight turns. The load is carried by wires and struts, rather than the wing spars. Aerodynamically it's quite disadvantaged, compared to a monoplane. But at this point in time, the strength, wing area and low weight of the biplane, came out ahead in the equation. The Triplane was a sort of question, asking if three wings - for even more area and less span - was now the next step. Despite some success both for Sopwith and Dr.I, both nations came up with the answer that it wasn't. The drag increases considerably, without really adding anything further to the biplane's construction advantages.





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