Not all societies in Thedas, only the Adrastian ones and only after the Chantry imposed it (and even then it was resisted in places like Rivvain). For that matter Andraste herself didn't want such a system.
Indeed - mage haters just used her name to get their wish...it's like what many European countries are now trying to do after the Paris attack on that satiric magazine, they want to use that to press for more invasive monitoring and control of the population (video-surveillance for example, which Germans in particular normally hate like the devil does holy water!)...it's a bad thing (or in Andrastes case - maybe (I am no so sure, as I don't like the chantry - in part because they imprison people unjustly, amongst other things like fighting non-believers and oppressing the elfs!) - a good thing) used to get something even worse approved in order to "fight the bad thing" (or: prevent it from happening again...as if that would really work)
ps: The circles are prisons - yes, they are pretty nice (all things considered) compared to many (maybe even most - though to me it looks like Thedas is a lot better than the real middle ages were!) places...after all you get good food, shelter, education, protection (no one is going to rob or murder you there under normal circumstances), medical care, access to clean water etc. - hell, you might even end up in a position of power, no matter if you are the son of a noble (though it's more likely for them - connections and family-name do help!) or the son of a farmer - but they are still prisons and yes, a system like this leads to eventual rebellion, it's inevitable! After all, it looks like - with the exception of the elfs and peasants in Orlais (who the Chevaliers often hurt without them having any way to protect themselves) - peasants aren't regularly abused...and in the circle abuse happens a lot more often compared to the outside world (rape, forced tranquility etc.), so many (particularly the ones who have suffered abuse) mages are of course willing to take their chances (add to that that they have ways to make a decent living - magic does help, but so does education: many know how to heal, make potions, enchant things (note: yes, mages can use Lyrium - well, at least the magisters of Tevinter know, otherwise Fenris's owner would not have been able to make those lyrium-markings!), hunt dangerous animals, work as a mercenary etc. - and nothing is really holding them in the circles...well, except for chantry law and the templars (jailors/prison-wardens!))