1. Yeah, Japan has a pacifist constitution. No military and in exchange they are defended by the United States(of course there is a growing sentiment among them that this should be changed). We have permanent bases there, and numerous troops. It is similar to NATO, you could say. America also has many allies in southeast asia that we would help in such a way, but that arent as dependent on us. The Philipines, Vietnam, and of course, south Korea.
Japan does have a military. Japan however doesn't like saying military and persists on using the term self-defense forces (JSDF with its subbranches JGSDF, JMSDF and JASDF respectively). It is set up similarily to Germany's Bundeswehr after the war in the way that it's relegated to defensive actions only (or in the reverse, forbidden to start aggressions) in Japan's constitution.
The ongoing debate in Japan is not about having no military or being dependant on US protection, it's (again similarily to Germany's Bundeswehr) about reinterpreting and/or changing the constitution to extend its military's mandate for peace-keeping operations, something which the JSDF is already engaged in, but technically violates the original wording of their constitution.
Needlessly to say (but I do it anyway), much of that debate is little more than about semantics born from the stigma of having started the massive conflict that turned out to culminate in WW2 (again, much like Germany).





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