Well is spite of everything Russia at least was not behind military it was one of the strongest nations on the planet. It still had some form of feudalism but unlike China their military was very very good, they were the ones who defeated Sweden and Napoleon.
The Qun is more advanced military and if the lore is correct they really know how to make impressive monuments but their mages are not very good unlike Tevinter and they seem to have huge problems with the Tal Vashot which really is a great source of weakness. In spite of the attractiveness of the Qun they seem to have a lot of rebels more so then the other nations so it makes you wonder.
I agree that the technological 'backwardness' of Tsarist Russia's military with respect to the rest of Europe is generally exaggerated to a farcical degree. It unquestionably existed, but it wasn't so big an influence on things that it could actually determine the outcomes of wars or even battles. In 1812, Aleksandr I's armies were able to overcome the relatively minor technical deficiencies they suffered compared to Bonaparte's forces with good strategy on their part and shockingly poor decision-making on the part of French leaders. Pyotr Velikiy's armies did a similar trick in the Great Northern War: good strategy overcome the edge that the Caroline forces possessed. (And, conversely, when Pyotr's armies didn't win the campaigns, e.g. at Narva in 1700, the explanation was not in the Swedes' technological edge insofar as it existed but in other areas.)
But that's not really the point. The point is that there is a general consensus that the existence of theological injunctions to 'wisdom', as existed in Orthodoxy, did not result in the development of a technologically advanced society in Russia. One might argue over whether Russia's 'backwardness' was a serious issue in the military sphere but no serious scholar would claim that Russia was
more advanced than contemporary European societies in the early modern period.
What's important here however is that different societies define wisdom differently: the manner in which the Qunari define wisdom is that they view it as improving understanding of the complex structure of the world while in the societies of Thedas, memorising the Chant of Light might be deemed wise. If they all unflinchingly adopt the same paradigm that maintains that all aspects of the world are explicable and that understanding it is paramount, it's far more likely that they'll advance in their scientific capability than a society that only encourages such thinking in small enclaves (such as the Orlesian University).
While this need not necessarily lead to inventiveness, the fact that the Qunari are so technologically capable leads me to believe that in this case, it has.
The last sentence, I think, is the kicker. The Qunari supposedly possess technological advantages over other Thedosian societies; the Qunari incorporate injunctions in favor of 'wisdom' in their theology. But those two things are still not demonstrably connected.
I'm not particularly interested in the state of Qunari technology in the DA setting, or in predicting what it might be in future games. I don't have any control over it - the writers do, and the writers will make it whatever it needs to be for their stories to work, without much reference to history. If they want the Qunari to be an early-modern gunpowder empire exerting their superior technology against the helplessly backward indigenous Thedosians, they will do it, and if they don't, they won't.
What I
am interested in is pointing out that the history of technology
in the real world doesn't work that way, and that most efforts to prove some connection between intellectual movements or theology on the one hand, and technological progress on the other, fail to effectively demonstrate that the former is either a
necessary or a
sufficient condition for the latter, or that they are even causally related. It's a somewhat less outrageous form of the "pirates vs. global warming" graph. In fact, most attempts at explaining the course of the history of technology are poor in a similar way; as unconvincing as Joel Mokyr's explanation of the Industrial Revolution by reference to the Enlightenment is, his (and the rest of the New Consensus's) criticism of materialist explanations is accurate in that materialism doesn't really explain much either.