I think everyone has the right of it with White Andrastianism=Roman Catholicism if Jesus/Joan of Arc was a woman, and Black Andrastianism being its Greek Orthodox sibling. Though Andrastianism is more a Deist religion in its actual belief system.
The Qun fits the geo-political role of the Caliphate, with Rivain being the melting pot of Moorish Spain. But the Qunari themselves have a sort of weird Communist Confucian Borg thing going on. 
Tevinter is basically the Byzantine Empire if they had held onto Italy instead of Greece and Asia Minor, and actually maintained the Republic structure of government. The Archon and Black Divine would be the closest things to consuls, but most of the power still rests in the Senate/Magisterium.
I've seen the dwarves compared to the Roman Republic as well, mostly for the backstabbing politics and the focus on maintaining the way of the Paragons/the mos maiorum, and the arena fighting. But then they have Ethiopian architecture (apparently), a strict caste system, and are in general unusual for fantasy dwarves.
The modern elves resemble the Jews for all of the reasons mentioned. Arlathan reminds me of Greece, with the crazy pantheon shenanigans, the focus on magic/philosophy and spending most of their time infighting before the remnants are conquered and absorbed by Romans/Tevinter.
Ferelden is Anglo-Saxon England that managed to kick the Normans out after a generation or two. Orlais is obviously France. Nevarra is weird. And the Anderfels are almost Prussian, with the Grey Wardens taking the place of the Teutonic Knights.